Class Character

General category "Mc" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Pc" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Cc" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Sc" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Pd" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Nd" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

Weak bidirectional character type "AN" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Weak bidirectional character type "BN" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Weak bidirectional character type "CS" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Weak bidirectional character type "EN" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Weak bidirectional character type "ES" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Weak bidirectional character type "ET" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Strong bidirectional character type "L" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Strong bidirectional character type "LRE" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Strong bidirectional character type "LRO" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Weak bidirectional character type "NSM" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Neutral bidirectional character type "ON" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Neutral bidirectional character type "B" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Weak bidirectional character type "PDF" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Strong bidirectional character type "R" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Strong bidirectional character type "AL" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Strong bidirectional character type "RLE" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Strong bidirectional character type "RLO" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Neutral bidirectional character type "S" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Undefined bidirectional character type. Undefined char values have undefined directionality in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

Neutral bidirectional character type "WS" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

General category "Me" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Pe" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Pf" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

General category "Cf" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Pi" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.4

General category "Nl" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Zl" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Ll" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Sm" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

The maximum radix available for conversion to and from strings. The constant value of this field is the largest value permitted for the radix argument in radix-conversion methods such as the digit method, the forDigit method, and the toString method of class Integer.

See Also: Character Character Integer valueOf

The constant value of this field is the largest value of type char, '\uFFFF'.

Since: 1.0.2

The minimum radix available for conversion to and from strings. The constant value of this field is the smallest value permitted for the radix argument in radix-conversion methods such as the digit method, the forDigit method, and the toString method of class Integer.

See Also: Character Character Integer valueOf

The constant value of this field is the smallest value of type char, '\u0000'.

Since: 1.0.2

General category "Lm" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Sk" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Mn" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Lo" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "No" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Po" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "So" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Zp" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Co" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Zs" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Ps" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Cs" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Lt" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

The Class instance representing the primitive type char.

Since: 1.1

General category "Cn" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

General category "Lu" in the Unicode specification.

Since: 1.1

Constructs a newly allocated Character object that represents the specified char value.

Parameters: value the value to be represented by the Character object.

Returns the value of this Character object.

Returns: the primitive char value represented by this object.

Compares two Character objects numerically.

Parameters: anotherCharacter the Character to be compared.

Returns: the value 0 if the argument Character is equal to this Character; a value less than 0 if this Character is numerically less than the Character argument; and a value greater than 0 if this Character is numerically greater than the Character argument (unsigned comparison). Note that this is strictly a numerical comparison; it is not locale-dependent.

Since: 1.2

Returns the numeric value of the character ch in the specified radix.

If the radix is not in the range MIN_RADIX <= radix <= MAX_RADIX or if the value of ch is not a valid digit in the specified radix, -1 is returned. A character is a valid digit if at least one of the following is true:

• The method isDigit is true of the character and the Unicode decimal digit value of the character (or its single-character decomposition) is less than the specified radix. In this case the decimal digit value is returned.
• The character is one of the uppercase Latin letters 'A' through 'Z' and its code is less than radix + 'A' - 10. In this case, ch - 'A' + 10 is returned.
• The character is one of the lowercase Latin letters 'a' through 'z' and its code is less than radix + 'a' - 10. In this case, ch - 'a' + 10 is returned.

Parameters: ch the character to be converted. radix the radix.

Returns: the numeric value represented by the character in the specified radix.

See Also: Character Character

Compares this object against the specified object. The result is true if and only if the argument is not null and is a Character object that represents the same char value as this object.

Parameters: obj the object to compare with.

Returns: true if the objects are the same; false otherwise.

Determines the character representation for a specific digit in the specified radix. If the value of radix is not a valid radix, or the value of digit is not a valid digit in the specified radix, the null character ('\u0000') is returned.

The radix argument is valid if it is greater than or equal to MIN_RADIX and less than or equal to MAX_RADIX. The digit argument is valid if 0 <=digit < radix.

If the digit is less than 10, then '0' + digit is returned. Otherwise, the value 'a' + digit - 10 is returned.

Parameters: digit the number to convert to a character. radix the radix.

Returns: the char representation of the specified digit in the specified radix.

See Also: MIN_RADIX MAX_RADIX Character

Returns the Unicode directionality property for the given character. Character directionality is used to calculate the visual ordering of text. The directionality value of undefined char values is DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED.

Parameters: ch char for which the directionality property is requested.

Returns: the directionality property of the char value.

Since: 1.4

See Also: DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ARABIC DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_TERMINATOR DIRECTIONALITY_ARABIC_NUMBER DIRECTIONALITY_COMMON_NUMBER_SEPARATOR DIRECTIONALITY_NONSPACING_MARK DIRECTIONALITY_BOUNDARY_NEUTRAL DIRECTIONALITY_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR DIRECTIONALITY_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR DIRECTIONALITY_WHITESPACE DIRECTIONALITY_OTHER_NEUTRALS DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_EMBEDDING DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_OVERRIDE DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_EMBEDDING DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE DIRECTIONALITY_POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMAT

Returns the int value that the specified Unicode character represents. For example, the character '\u216C' (the roman numeral fifty) will return an int with a value of 50.

The letters A-Z in their uppercase ('\u0041' through '\u005A'), lowercase ('\u0061' through '\u007A'), and full width variant ('\uFF21' through '\uFF3A' and '\uFF41' through '\uFF5A') forms have numeric values from 10 through 35. This is independent of the Unicode specification, which does not assign numeric values to these char values.

If the character does not have a numeric value, then -1 is returned. If the character has a numeric value that cannot be represented as a nonnegative integer (for example, a fractional value), then -2 is returned.

Parameters: ch the character to be converted.

Returns: the numeric value of the character, as a nonnegative int value; -2 if the character has a numeric value that is not a nonnegative integer; -1 if the character has no numeric value.

Since: 1.1

See Also: Character Character

Returns a value indicating a character's general category.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: a value of type int representing the character's general category.

Since: 1.1

See Also: COMBINING_SPACING_MARK CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION CONTROL CURRENCY_SYMBOL DASH_PUNCTUATION DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER ENCLOSING_MARK END_PUNCTUATION FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION FORMAT INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION LETTER_NUMBER LINE_SEPARATOR LOWERCASE_LETTER MATH_SYMBOL MODIFIER_LETTER MODIFIER_SYMBOL NON_SPACING_MARK OTHER_LETTER OTHER_NUMBER OTHER_PUNCTUATION OTHER_SYMBOL PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR PRIVATE_USE SPACE_SEPARATOR START_PUNCTUATION SURROGATE TITLECASE_LETTER UNASSIGNED UPPERCASE_LETTER

Returns a hash code for this Character.

Returns: a hash code value for this object.

Determines if a character is defined in Unicode.

A character is defined if at least one of the following is true:

• It has an entry in the UnicodeData file.
• It has a value in a range defined by the UnicodeData file.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested

Returns: true if the character has a defined meaning in Unicode; false otherwise.

Since: 1.0.2

See Also: Character Character Character Character Character Character

Determines if the specified character is a digit.

A character is a digit if its general category type, provided by Character.getType(ch), is DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER.

Some Unicode character ranges that contain digits:

• '\u0030' through '\u0039', ISO-LATIN-1 digits ('0' through '9')
• '\u0660' through '\u0669', Arabic-Indic digits
• '\u06F0' through '\u06F9', Extended Arabic-Indic digits
• '\u0966' through '\u096F', Devanagari digits
• '\uFF10' through '\uFF19', Fullwidth digits

Many other character ranges contain digits as well.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character is a digit; false otherwise.

See Also: Character Character Character

Determines if the specified character should be regarded as an ignorable character in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier.

The following Unicode characters are ignorable in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier:

• ISO control characters that are not whitespace
  • '\u0000' through '\u0008'
  • '\u000E' through '\u001B'
  • '\u007F' through '\u009F'
• all characters that have the FORMAT general category value

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character is an ignorable control character that may be part of a Java or Unicode identifier; false otherwise.

Since: 1.1

See Also: Character Character

Determines if the specified character is an ISO control character. A character is considered to be an ISO control character if its code is in the range '\u0000' through '\u001F' or in the range '\u007F' through '\u009F'.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character is an ISO control character; false otherwise.

Since: 1.1

See Also: Character Character

Determines if the specified character may be part of a Java identifier as other than the first character.

A character may be part of a Java identifier if any of the following are true:

• it is a letter
• it is a currency symbol (such as '$')
• it is a connecting punctuation character (such as '_')
• it is a digit
• it is a numeric letter (such as a Roman numeral character)
• it is a combining mark
• it is a non-spacing mark
• isIdentifierIgnorable returns true for the character

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character may be part of a Java identifier; false otherwise.

Since: 1.1

See Also: Character Character Character Character

Determines if the specified character is permissible as the first character in a Java identifier.

A character may start a Java identifier if and only if one of the following conditions is true:

• isLetter(ch) returns true
• getType(ch) returns LETTER_NUMBER
• ch is a currency symbol (such as "$")
• ch is a connecting punctuation character (such as "_").

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character may start a Java identifier; false otherwise.

Since: 1.1

See Also: Character Character Character

Deprecated: Replaced by isJavaIdentifierStart(char).

Determines if the specified character is permissible as the first character in a Java identifier.

A character may start a Java identifier if and only if one of the following is true:

• isLetter(ch) returns true
• getType(ch) returns LETTER_NUMBER
• ch is a currency symbol (such as "$")
• ch is a connecting punctuation character (such as "_").

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character may start a Java identifier; false otherwise.

Since: 1.02

See Also: Character Character Character Character Character Character

Deprecated: Replaced by isJavaIdentifierPart(char).

Determines if the specified character may be part of a Java identifier as other than the first character.

A character may be part of a Java identifier if and only if any of the following are true:

• it is a letter
• it is a currency symbol (such as '$')
• it is a connecting punctuation character (such as '_')
• it is a digit
• it is a numeric letter (such as a Roman numeral character)
• it is a combining mark
• it is a non-spacing mark
• isIdentifierIgnorable returns true for the character.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character may be part of a Java identifier; false otherwise.

Since: 1.02

See Also: Character Character Character Character Character Character Character

Determines if the specified character is a letter.

A character is considered to be a letter if its general category type, provided by Character.getType(ch), is any of the following:

• UPPERCASE_LETTER
• LOWERCASE_LETTER
• TITLECASE_LETTER
• MODIFIER_LETTER
• OTHER_LETTER

Not all letters have case. Many characters are letters but are neither uppercase nor lowercase nor titlecase.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character is a letter; false otherwise.

See Also: Character Character Character Character Character Character Character Character Character

Determines if the specified character is a letter or digit.

A character is considered to be a letter or digit if either Character.isLetter(char ch) or Character.isDigit(char ch) returns true for the character.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character is a letter or digit; false otherwise.

Since: 1.0.2

See Also: Character Character Character Character Character Character

Determines if the specified character is a lowercase character.

A character is lowercase if its general category type, provided by Character.getType(ch), is LOWERCASE_LETTER.

The following are examples of lowercase characters:

 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
 '\u00DF' '\u00E0' '\u00E1' '\u00E2' '\u00E3' '\u00E4' '\u00E5' '\u00E6' 
 '\u00E7' '\u00E8' '\u00E9' '\u00EA' '\u00EB' '\u00EC' '\u00ED' '\u00EE'
 '\u00EF' '\u00F0' '\u00F1' '\u00F2' '\u00F3' '\u00F4' '\u00F5' '\u00F6'
 '\u00F8' '\u00F9' '\u00FA' '\u00FB' '\u00FC' '\u00FD' '\u00FE' '\u00FF'
 

Many other Unicode characters are lowercase too.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character is lowercase; false otherwise.

See Also: Character Character Character Character

Determines whether the character is mirrored according to the Unicode specification. Mirrored characters should have their glyphs horizontally mirrored when displayed in text that is right-to-left. For example, '\u0028' LEFT PARENTHESIS is semantically defined to be an opening parenthesis. This will appear as a "(" in text that is left-to-right but as a ")" in text that is right-to-left.

Parameters: ch char for which the mirrored property is requested

Returns: true if the char is mirrored, false if the char is not mirrored or is not defined.

Since: 1.4

Deprecated: Replaced by isWhitespace(char).

Determines if the specified character is ISO-LATIN-1 white space. This method returns true for the following five characters only:

'\t'	'\u0009'	HORIZONTAL TABULATION
'\n'	'\u000A'	NEW LINE
'\f'	'\u000C'	FORM FEED
'\r'	'\u000D'	CARRIAGE RETURN
' '	'\u0020'	SPACE

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character is ISO-LATIN-1 white space; false otherwise.

See Also: Character Character

Determines if the specified character is a Unicode space character. A character is considered to be a space character if and only if it is specified to be a space character by the Unicode standard. This method returns true if the character's general category type is any of the following:

• SPACE_SEPARATOR
• LINE_SEPARATOR
• PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character is a space character; false otherwise.

Since: 1.1

See Also: Character

Determines if the specified character is a titlecase character.

A character is a titlecase character if its general category type, provided by Character.getType(ch), is TITLECASE_LETTER.

Some characters look like pairs of Latin letters. For example, there is an uppercase letter that looks like "LJ" and has a corresponding lowercase letter that looks like "lj". A third form, which looks like "Lj", is the appropriate form to use when rendering a word in lowercase with initial capitals, as for a book title.

These are some of the Unicode characters for which this method returns true:

• LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON
• LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J
• LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J
• LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z

Many other Unicode characters are titlecase too.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character is titlecase; false otherwise.

Since: 1.0.2

See Also: Character Character Character Character

Determines if the specified character may be part of a Unicode identifier as other than the first character.

A character may be part of a Unicode identifier if and only if one of the following statements is true:

• it is a letter
• it is a connecting punctuation character (such as '_')
• it is a digit
• it is a numeric letter (such as a Roman numeral character)
• it is a combining mark
• it is a non-spacing mark
• isIdentifierIgnorable returns true for this character.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character may be part of a Unicode identifier; false otherwise.

Since: 1.1

See Also: Character Character Character Character

Determines if the specified character is permissible as the first character in a Unicode identifier.

A character may start a Unicode identifier if and only if one of the following conditions is true:

• isLetter(ch) returns true
• getType(ch) returns LETTER_NUMBER.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character may start a Unicode identifier; false otherwise.

Since: 1.1

See Also: Character Character Character

Determines if the specified character is an uppercase character.

A character is uppercase if its general category type, provided by Character.getType(ch), is UPPERCASE_LETTER.

The following are examples of uppercase characters:

 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
 '\u00C0' '\u00C1' '\u00C2' '\u00C3' '\u00C4' '\u00C5' '\u00C6' '\u00C7'
 '\u00C8' '\u00C9' '\u00CA' '\u00CB' '\u00CC' '\u00CD' '\u00CE' '\u00CF'
 '\u00D0' '\u00D1' '\u00D2' '\u00D3' '\u00D4' '\u00D5' '\u00D6' '\u00D8'
 '\u00D9' '\u00DA' '\u00DB' '\u00DC' '\u00DD' '\u00DE'
 

Many other Unicode characters are uppercase too.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character is uppercase; false otherwise.

Since: 1.0

See Also: Character Character Character Character

Determines if the specified character is white space according to Java. A character is a Java whitespace character if and only if it satisfies one of the following criteria:

• It is a Unicode space character (SPACE_SEPARATOR, LINE_SEPARATOR, or PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR) but is not also a non-breaking space ('\u00A0', '\u2007', '\u202F').
• It is '\u0009', HORIZONTAL TABULATION.
• It is '\u000A', LINE FEED.
• It is '\u000B', VERTICAL TABULATION.
• It is '\u000C', FORM FEED.
• It is '\u000D', CARRIAGE RETURN.
• It is '\u001C', FILE SEPARATOR.
• It is '\u001D', GROUP SEPARATOR.
• It is '\u001E', RECORD SEPARATOR.
• It is '\u001F', UNIT SEPARATOR.

Parameters: ch the character to be tested.

Returns: true if the character is a Java whitespace character; false otherwise.

Since: 1.1

See Also: Character

Converts the character argument to lowercase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file.

Note that Character.isLowerCase(Character.toLowerCase(ch)) does not always return true for some ranges of characters, particularly those that are symbols or ideographs.

Parameters: ch the character to be converted.

Returns: the lowercase equivalent of the character, if any; otherwise, the character itself.

See Also: Character Character Character Character

Returns a String object representing this Character's value. The result is a string of length 1 whose sole component is the primitive char value represented by this Character object.

Returns: a string representation of this object.

Returns a String object representing the specified char. The result is a string of length 1 consisting solely of the specified char.

Parameters: c the char to be converted

Returns: the string representation of the specified char

Since: 1.4

Converts the character argument to titlecase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file. If a character has no explicit titlecase mapping and is not itself a titlecase char according to UnicodeData, then the uppercase mapping is returned as an equivalent titlecase mapping. If the char argument is already a titlecase char, the same char value will be returned.

Note that Character.isTitleCase(Character.toTitleCase(ch)) does not always return true for some ranges of characters.

Parameters: ch the character to be converted.

Returns: the titlecase equivalent of the character, if any; otherwise, the character itself.

Since: 1.0.2

See Also: Character Character Character

Converts the character argument to uppercase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file.

Note that Character.isUpperCase(Character.toUpperCase(ch)) does not always return true for some ranges of characters, particularly those that are symbols or ideographs.

Parameters: ch the character to be converted.

Returns: the uppercase equivalent of the character, if any; otherwise, the character itself.

See Also: Character Character Character Character

Returns a Character instance representing the specified char value. If a new Character instance is not required, this method should generally be used in preference to the constructor Character, as this method is likely to to yield significantly better space and time performance by cacheing frequently requested values.

Parameters: c a char value.

Returns: a Character instance representing c.

Since: 1.5